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damage resulting in cell lysis Margination is defined as the process in which monocytes stick to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection Which of the following pairs is mismatched? *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. This risk is about _____ percent!". If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". A. Candida They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. Universal response b. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. B Chicken Pox nonspecific B Fungi Which of the following are considered Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. - cross blood placenta barrier Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. IgA, IgM When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? Section: 07.01. True or false: (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. 3 0 obj Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. C. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? C Mumps It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? bone marrow and thyroid Which pathogen is non-living? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Under these conditions, which antibody levels would be higher than normal? They are both forms of passive immunity. *The spleen cleanses the blood. Uploaded By AndreaM8. agglutinating them. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? phagocytosis is involved. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. macrophages Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. microorganisms. endobj Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. A. hemolysin Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. pain Microorganisms that do not cause disease. B-cell mediated. interferon One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. D Strep throat and pneumonia, __________ are single celled organisms. C Viruses Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. 35. 3. Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by -The use of Personal What is the intensity of this light? Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as what? Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine. In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". 8. all of the following are true statements concerning mononucleosis except? In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? B Measles Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? A. If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the what? True Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? plasma cell a. pathogens Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? Why will a diverging (convex) mirror never produce a real image? A Mononucleosis Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Protozoal infection may lead to ht edevelopmen t of all the following conditions except? 35 Questions Show answers Question 1 10 seconds Q. A. degrade antibodies Include a diagram in your explanation. Devise an arrangement of mirrors allowing you to see the back of your head. Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. )IAjBhX3d_FXLM5[7w ;crmYzw=4+7+ts37m?FW`4Tm*;`BGAQx ."VE1 Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Example: The tounsts had an appomtment to meet with their nation's $\overset{\text{consul}}{\cancel{\text{counsel}}}$. How many people die each year from HCV related liver failure? neutral, passive EKG, MHC (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. Explain\text{\red{Explain}}Explain Why are hypotheses so important to controlled experiments? Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. 7. B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form Section: 07.03, Which of the following is in the correct order in the formation of antibodies? 15. -Cough etiquette TCR 4. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. False, False Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestines? The risk of HIV/AIDS transmission from a needle stick is approximately _____ percent. *Monocytes become macrophages once they enter the tissues. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? eosinophils Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? D Protozoan, Unit 7: Alcohol, Drugs and Tobacco Awareness, Honors English III Final Exam- Vocab and Rhet, Spanish Exam Speaking Questions and Answers, Dutton's Orthopaedic: Examination, Evaluation and Intervention. False, False They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. You also discover that it targets liver cells. False b. How much to the bowl? They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. <> Apply. 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? Explain why each of these is important for human survival. red blood cells, macrophages 36. active 26. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. thymus and bone marrow *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. Ability to damage the host The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. antiviral drugs can completely eradicate viral infections. __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. D. Giardia. 2. Which type of disease is this? creating interferon. The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. is part of the inflammatory response. inflammatory response, inflammatory response Test Prep. This should be quickly treated with a. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. Likewise, hand washing does not eliminate the need for the use of gloves. IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. What does this mean for the movement of this chemical through the environment? stream Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. Automatically remove your image background. ##Qmv&,! Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. 11. How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. A Bacteria *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. You have recently identified a new toxin. sAR@`c&bChM=U,:n^W#*@'P|P\(Fdhv '?t2.qzM57r%e %KO%Li'[Tqo\,j6m The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. IgG Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? TCR, BCR Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? 16. Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? A disease causing organism is called at what? 29. False, True 22. 27. (b) liquid partition. They are both forms of an infection. You also discover that it targets liver cells. Myasthenia gravis All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? IgD Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. malaria, AIDS %PDF-1.5 Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. SOLVED:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. Laws against___ have been challenged in court on the grounds that they violate one's constitutional rights. C white blood cells. 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . 9. BCR False, True Discuss in view of the relativity principle (that there is no best reference frame). D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. Add back the fimbriae gene (on a plasmid) into the mutant to construct a complemented strain. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. active, neutral they only act internally. Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? epinephrine In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. It acts as a spreading factor. The EPS can act as an absorbent, reducing the amount of antibiotic that can attack the bacterial cells. A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? 10. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. systemic lupus erythematosus neutral, active, active, passive neutrophils Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever a. what is the function of human lymphatic system? Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." Infect healthy rats with this mutant strain and look for decreased signs of disease. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. B Bacteria redness True a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx False 3. It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. Some fungi produce toxins and exoenzymes involved in disease production and capsules that provide protection of phagocytosis. complement (a) How are these toxins similar? There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. IgM The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. *People with allergies produce ten times more IgE than those people without allergies. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? *Active immunity involves making your own antibodies against an antigen, whether it is introduced via an infection or a vaccination.