cost of supervising a building project in nigeria

I'm sure the Architect in question is competent, to me that's all that matters. >> /K 20 A builder should be concerned with monitoring and evaluating the construction project. /P 453 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /P 468 0 R << >> endobj As a result, there is an urgent need to address the high cost of these products which is said to have slowed down the growth of the building and construction sector in Nigeria.Building materials constitute the largest single input in housing construction. /Im3 370 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R endobj /Pg 16 0 R /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R /Pg 18 0 R /S /P >> 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) But the decision maker is the owner. endobj /K 3 These are the things you have to put to bare: 1. /S /P << 16 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R << - the other. << /TT3 375 0 R >> /MarkInfo << 0000000696 00000 n 220 0 obj /P 452 0 R >> endobj /Tabs /S endobj 7 Things To Know Before Studying Architecture. /K 8 /K 4 /Font << endobj endobj /K 68 /S /P << /K 58 /K 106 /K [387 0 R 388 0 R 389 0 R 390 0 R 391 0 R] /S /P << << /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 20 0 R Building professionals can be of immense benefits when you need them at short notice and at little cost. << /S /P endobj /Pg 21 0 R Supervision of building project ranges from employing project manager to self supervision, depending on the size and kind of project. 0000001020 00000 n /S /P /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /S /P 161 0 obj << /Pg 22 0 R 326 0 obj << /S /P /Pg 16 0 R /Type /StructTreeRoot /P 467 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Lang (EN-GB) << /P 467 0 R /Pg 24 0 R The research aimed at appraising or assessing supervision of building projects in Ekpoma, Edo state. /Pg 20 0 R While Adedeji(2010) observed that about sixty (60) per cent of the total housing . /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] 180 0 obj Everyday tasks include working with and supervising both cost and planning engineers to develop work breakdown structures, performance analysis and provide recommendations and be the direct line of contact to the client for day to day activities. /K 73 157 0 obj << Thank you for your detailed presentation. /K 9 < endobj 41 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 43 0 obj <> endobj 44 0 obj <> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <>stream >> 292 0 obj /TT4 361 0 R The quantitative technique was adopted in this study. /Pg 23 0 R >> All substructure is charged fully, while the superstructure is charged as below. >> /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P 135 >> << /Lang (EN-GB) /Font << /P 460 0 R 338 0 obj /P 462 0 R As you know, several factors can influence construction costs such as project type, project complexity, quality of finishes, construction procurement type, etc. 135 0 obj /S /P >> 168 0 obj /S /P The Federal Lighter Terminal has 1670 meters and four berths operated by Intels. /S /S Keywords: Cost overrun, public building, construction project, effect of, cost overrun, project management. 87 0 obj << /K 37 /S /P endobj endobj >> /P 483 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-US) endobj /Pg 20 0 R /K 67 /Lang (EN-GB) >> /P 495 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-US) /P 435 0 R Also, the repetitive Works Fees calculation (%) has changed.Now, it is: /S /P << 295 0 obj << >> /K 7 /Pg 21 0 R 159 0 obj endobj /P 459 0 R endobj <> endobj 37 0 obj Oversee the implementation of construction works in terms of quality, quantity and rate of progress of work achievement. /K 16 /Subscript /Span >> ETC is the preliminary amount the Quantity surveyor (QS) arrives at and says would be the approximate cost at which the construction will be executed. endobj /S /P /S /P /K 33 endobj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) << /Lang (EN-GB) << /K 45 /P 452 0 R >> >> << /S /P /TT2 364 0 R /Rotate 0 /Lang (EN-GB) endobj >> >> endobj /P 408 0 R /Pg 24 0 R 108 0 obj /P 460 0 R 104 0 obj endobj List Of All Sheets Required In A Complete Architectural Drawing, From Victorian to Parametric: The Emerging Trends in Architecture, Additional site visits other than the single monthly meetings, Site visit or work done during the defect liability period. /P 498 0 R << /Pg 15 0 R null 334 0 R null null null 335 0 R null null null 336 0 R /K 21 /Lang (EN-GB) A $1.53 billion contract was awarded in 2012 to the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporationfor construction of the LagosIbadan segment (156km) of the standard gauge railway by 2016. /S /P /P 10 0 R 185 0 obj >> /K 120 /Lang (EN-GB) null 292 0 R null null] /S /P In that case what should the architect base his judgement on. 270 0 obj /ColorSpace << /Length 734 /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 21 0 R 312 0 obj /Pg 15 0 R << /Pg 20 0 R /S /P This will help Architects ascertain their worth in the cause of practice. /S /P /Parent 9 0 R >> /Resources << 254 0 obj << endobj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Rotate 0 What the Nigerian method of fee calculation can learn from Canada, 2020 Complete List of ARCON Accredited Schools of Architecture in Nigeria, How to Calculate Architects Fees Edition III, How to Calculate Architects Fees Edition II, 8 Clauses That Empower Architects On Construction Sites. << 287 0 obj The Port of Onne Complex contains two major terminals: the Federal Ocean Terminal and the Federal Lighter Terminal. /K 55 endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /P 461 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) endobj Are they free from deterioration and loss of strength? >> 100 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R >> >> /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) You extrapolate the proposed building area from your design and multiply it by the prevailing cost per area of construction. It on us lies on architectural bodies such as Archon and NIA to wake up and protect the interest of practicing architect in Nigeria. << /K 118 /Lang (EN-GB) >> /P 10 0 R /Pg 21 0 R 229 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Pg 23 0 R The balance of 60% is shared among the other consultants. /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P hb```"NAAd`B@j)3w*oXMY Rq /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Marked true /Lang (EN-GB) 333 0 obj /K 82 /K [383 0 R 384 0 R 385 0 R 386 0 R] 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R] /S /LBody >> %PDF-1.5 2015-10-28T20:42:14+03:00 /P 468 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 1 >> 320 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R << endobj /S /P endobj /K 57 306 0 obj It has been positioned to offer the South-West zone strategic shipping market and huge job opportunity, with a high prospect of redefining the economic power of the zone. endobj >> 0000002282 00000 n /K 11 /S /P /P 451 0 R >> /S /P /K 17 /K 29 /P 448 0 R >> >> /K 36 /K 5 kT8i\yj kq7RD 10J4 "R @[Fm@5b`;/A!q7 /S /LBody endobj /Resources << /P 10 0 R endobj /Pg 17 0 R Provide instructions and guidelines that need to contractors in the execution of work in order to really take place in accordance with contract provisions. /K 109 << endobj trailer /Pg 18 0 R endobj /S /P ZMP+lzQP#(\( [fuJxh(,z^/jKRyb^w4Fqc)]X?[`%)4#9IS!bQR)?7{'oiq 1u.pv2hYA;A!3aiG/NFDDaRO>{h4FrMJOY}Euf +S19=I z /Lang (EN-US) One of the things to put into cognizance if you are to supervise building projects is that you will always be expected to spend more at the end of the day, so earmark at least 20% of the estimate for your building for contingencies. endobj endobj 212 0 obj Hiring a construction manager costs an average of $29,142, or between $2,780 and $58,354. /P 10 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /P 478 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /P 10 0 R /K 7 /P 471 0 R /Lang (EN-US) >> endobj /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> >> 324 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) 63 0 obj 165 0 obj << /Tabs /S /Lang (EN-GB) >> Make sure everyone is qualified for the job at hand and dont allow any contractor to decide for you. i=_{EGL@Z-^f)1G`Vl"wl6tWp4#eGGBE1=BWJq(i /Lang (EN-GB) /K 64 /Lang (EN-GB) 31 0 obj In that case, what will you use to fight back or at least be paid compensation for your property? 319 0 obj >> >> << 227 0 obj 1.2.2 OBJECTIVES This project has the following objectives: To identify the behavioural pattern of building cost within a given period of time. /Pg 14 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /P >> /Pg 20 0 R /S /P endobj /ColorSpace << >> endobj >> /TT2 356 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /S /P /S /P << << endobj /C2_0 374 0 R >> /P 10 0 R It is not an absolute amount. /Lang (EN-US) endobj 259 0 obj << /P 471 0 R /Type /Annot endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 24 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] endobj D:20151028174204 /K 27 294 0 obj /K 84 /K 10 << 106 0 obj /S /P /P 452 0 R << << /Contents 371 0 R /S /P /TT4 361 0 R 50% (Final drawings and tendering) Stage 2. /K 78 /Lang (EN-US) >> << 325 0 obj /TT2 356 0 R /P 10 0 R endobj >> Once you understand the fee calculation for architects, you can easily apply it to that of the quantity surveyor, structural engineer, mechanical or electrical engineer. >> 258 0 obj endobj /P 472 0 R << << /Pg 18 0 R << << /K 22 >> /Parent 3 0 R /K 7 << endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R /Length 759 << Make sure this person is actually capable and qualified for the job. << /K 108 endobj /P 461 0 R /Kids [14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R] 116 0 obj /K 5 189 0 obj Make your living Our building materials are based on such top notch design system. /ColorSpace << /Subtype /Link << /S /LBody The entire projects had average cost overruns of 44.46%, with an average project completion of 52.4%, and within 91.4% of the average estimated time limit. /K 19 >> << 2.35). 39 20 313 0 obj endobj /Pg 20 0 R You dont multiply 4.75% by the total ETC, Rather, you break down the ETC as below and multiply it by its corresponding percentage. /S /P /S /P 263 0 obj 177 0 obj /P 487 0 R << /Lang (EN-GB) /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /Lang (EN-US) Nevertheless, the proportion of the above total fee payable to the architect is determined by the amount of work done. /Pg 20 0 R endobj endobj 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 99 0 R] /P 10 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /S /P endobj >> Create Project final report containing all activities during project implementation progress. << /Pg 18 0 R << /K 4 /S /P endobj Evaluate, coordinate and control the program of activities prepared by the Contractor of construction that consists of a program to achieve construction targets, programs, provision and use of materials and the use of funds. 138 0 obj 1st = 100%. /P 459 0 R << /Pg 20 0 R /K 124 /K 16 /P 10 0 R /Pg 23 0 R /P 432 0 R << /Lang (EN-US) The society in general, >> endobj >> Fee calculation for repetitive building can be tricky. /Lang (EN-GB) /P 493 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /BS << << /Pg 14 0 R /S /L /K 11 /K 13 >> << /Lang (EN-GB) /Length 743 >> /S /P /ModDate (D:20151028204217+03'00') >> I will focus on the scale of fees but briefly shed some light on time charges. /K 25 /Pg 18 0 R /Kids [8 0 R 9 0 R] 148 0 obj /P 482 0 R << endobj >> /S /LBody >> /Lang (EN-GB) >Zg3c , >JJ`k9tD3J;me, !djaFaDzo#=/vX5@zU#{WY5{p,847*pCiTHq#iot6_%v>)J endobj /K 2 >> /Lang (EN-GB) /Company () /K 49 118 0 obj /P 10 0 R /K 0 /Lang (EN-GB) /P 10 0 R /TextBox /Art << /StructParents 0 /P 430 0 R /P 10 0 R /P 10 0 R /S /LBody /Lang (EN-US) /K 1 endobj 1 0 obj /P 456 0 R /S /P << /Pg 23 0 R /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-US) 83 0 obj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 24 0 R /Type /Page << Next 20=30%. /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /P 453 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /S /LBody /P 10 0 R /S /P /Contents [343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] /S /P /PageLayout /OneColumn /Pg 18 0 R << << 38 0 obj endobj endobj >> endobj 192 0 obj << /Pg 20 0 R << 218 0 obj 95 0 obj /TT1 359 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Lang (EN-GB) Olokola Deapsea Port is a project that is set to be constructed in Ondo State. /Pg 22 0 R I was also told that the fee is negotiable. /S /P 0000006153 00000 n << /Footnote /Note endobj /K 71 253 0 obj 321 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] iii) In building projects, time frame is part of what is put into when embarking on a project. /Parent 9 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Pg 20 0 R Required fields are marked *, School of Estate celebrates successful completion of her Real Estate Business Course 53rd Stream, The Affordable Mass Housing Provision N3trillion Pension Boost, Why cement price is highest in Kano, Lagos markets, Stakeholders query FGs costly housing prices nationwide. /K 23 /Pg 18 0 R /K 4 0000010280 00000 n /StructParents 8 :lfSJk5w|=9[bq^;467|+hC>S]gtiuT,bDu7;58LM).s08hr;0O. /K 3 >> /StructParents 3 /P 500 0 R 316 0 obj /S /P /Pg 22 0 R << /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 83 /Resources << /K 95 On building projects, Architects are aware they are to charge 4.75% but often wrongly apply it. 10 [123 0 R null null 322 0 R null null null 323 0 R null null /S /P << /Lang (EN-US) << endobj /K 3 >> There must be a setting out of a cost target that will be spent on the proposed project. /Lang (EN-GB) endobj Thanks Nelson, I have written a new post on the 2016 Architects condition of engagement. /S /P 68 0 obj >> >> 246 0 obj endobj /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /S /P Adobe PDF Library 11.0 It has the capacity to attract over $9 billion in revenue annually, making it a major industrial estate. /K 104 215 0 obj << /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /K 79 endobj <> /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) 280 0 obj /K 23 /Lang (EN-US) 129 0 obj 6JZjwW?\?/^~m(;V[opou q4c]8?8Nck p*yr%8a?o1}k5'm. << /Pg 23 0 R /P 497 0 R Work Supervision is calculated based on the value of the project (Construction Cost) that is equal to 4% to 7% of project value (The higher the percentage of project value calculation for the cost of supervision of the smaller) (Please calculate the cost of your project under the supervision of project value in the table below) << /P 10 0 R Globacom to Rehabilitate Ota-Idiroko Road, Chief tenant chased out of apartment, moved into his house 27days after, History of Bodija, the first housing estate in Nigeria, Groups Propose Bill To Address Housing Deficit In Lagos, How To Deal With Craftsmen And Artisans On Site, Important Things to consider when building your dream home, 9 Shady Things To Expect From Contractors & Construction Workers On Site, Contractor decries LASGs refusal to pay 20-year debt, Akeredolu sacks Mimikos contractor for abandoned road project. It is estimated to cost $18 billion to construct.It is a planned city, located in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. 1 0 obj /TT0 363 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R >> /TT2 356 0 R /P 10 0 R endobj << >> endobj /S /P /Pg 22 0 R The breakdown of the sample architects fee given earlier in stages of payment will be as follows. /Lang (EN-US) /S /P endobj 226 0 obj 103 0 obj 136 0 obj /K 22 iv) Building projects are seen as a major for the social benefit of all and sundry. << >> << /S /P /TT1 359 0 R /K 93 /K 55 /Pg 20 0 R << Take the total and that is your total professional fee. >> >> endobj )Sr-g*3SYaX6Q;uS /S /LBody 97 0 obj endobj 81 0 obj 207 0 obj >> /K 15 A good example is an estate design, where all the buildings are alike. /P 10 0 R << /Subtype /XML % I always enjoy reading your articles.It will interest you to know that a lot of changes/reviews have been made as regards the scale of fees calculation back here in Nigeria.This is in accordance to ARCON standard(as stated in the Conditions of Engagement,Charges and Agreement for Professional Architects). /Pg 16 0 R /S /P A competent professional with 12 years of experience in supervision,estimation and planning of building structure, interior fit outs, road & infra structure works. Handed over residential project of 354 villas (Sipchem Home Ownership Program) including interior fit outs. Last experience was with industrial construction comprises of Project & maintenance for three units of total . 6 0 obj /K 2 /P 469 0 R << You can also provide a canteen for the workers welfare and free drinking water to prevent dehydration. /Pg 24 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 116 /Pg 16 0 R /ColorSpace << /S /P << 156 0 obj endobj endobj /K 19 /K 5 /S /L endobj /S /P endobj /K 102 332 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /P /P 492 0 R /Type /Pages /Lang (EN-US) /Last 7 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /P 10 0 R /Length 928 /P 10 0 R /SourceModified (D:20151028174204) 191 0 obj >> /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Pg 24 0 R /P 475 0 R 271 0 obj This implies that you will be involved right in at the deep end, and taking a lot of responsibilities. endobj >> /S /P Where you store your materials is also important. endstream ] /S /P /S /LBody /TT4 364 0 R /Pg 20 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 19 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 5 >> >> uuid:bbc45c1e-14a2-4045-8453-adcf2766d173 /TT0 363 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 18 /P 488 0 R /Pg 24 0 R ^(t(uwuP93Y@Iz|Ek=gh:Q\e_tEzjYb>]IWpb(('r5JG-s-LFe=5F6=&\c~T[FV=n8G~/T'{j c*koZ3sg1Qke3aBt5:xWxnu{+ /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /Pg 19 0 R /S /P >> Thank you. endobj /S /L AJOL is a non-profit, relying on your support. /P 484 0 R /P 494 0 R /Pg 17 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) Claims on transportation, accommodation, printing, computer, office equipment and other incidental expenses incurred on the project. 4 0 obj <> endobj /S /P You are the boss and pay only when the job is satisfactory. 173 0 obj /S /P /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /S /LBody >> >> /P 10 0 R /S /LBody To avoid disasters, make sure your contractor stipulates his health measures for his workers especially in a large building. << 117 0 obj Construction professionals should be well informed of these consequences (cost overruns) at an early stage, in order to evaluate the extent to which these consequences could be minimised. >> /K 98 /S /P /TT8 364 0 R /P 506 0 R /Pg 22 0 R /P 452 0 R 56 0 obj 60 0 obj /Tabs /S endobj /K 38 endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /P 457 0 R 231 0 obj /P 471 0 R /P 429 0 R /K 37 /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /Pg 21 0 R /P 10 0 R << endobj /P 468 0 R >> /K 11 /Lang (EN-GB) << . 12 0 obj /Pg 24 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /P 451 0 R overruns in building projects executed in Nigeria using the system. >> Happy to read your articles and to know you are now in Canada. /P 5 0 R << 113 0 obj >> /K 101 132 0 obj /S /P /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /S /P 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R /S /P Have your budget. /P 459 0 R 88 0 obj endobj << 304 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Pg 22 0 R /S /P /P 10 0 R It is a 650,000 barrels per day (bpd) integrated refinery and petrochemical project under construction in the Lekki Free Zone near Lagos, Nigeria. endobj /Rotate 0 >> << /Pg 19 0 R 257 0 obj << endobj >> /Pg 20 0 R The berths have been repaired and deepened to eight meters to accommodate some larger vessels. /K 13 /K 7 . /S /P endobj /TT0 363 0 R 78 0 obj The integrated refinery and petrochemical project is expected to generate 9,500 direct and 25,000 indirect jobs. /A 511 0 R /C2_0 374 0 R /K 5 >> /S /P /TT1 359 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) << endobj He should be able to apply the different monitoring techniques to achieve the objectives. /S /P /Pg 22 0 R 18 0 obj /P 467 0 R /K 2 endobj << /Pg 20 0 R Copyright:Copyright is transferred to the author(s) when an article is accepted for publication. Hi Tayo, thanks for your observation. /P 10 0 R /K 19 >> /Pg 20 0 R 11 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R /S /L >> /K 122 /P 453 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /K 31 /K 16 199 0 obj /Tabs /S endobj endobj /S /P 52 0 obj 46 0 obj Today, over 110 companies operate in the zone that have made significant contributions to Nigeria's economy through their businesses of pipe-coating, selling pipes, treating waste, and building boats as well as other activities. >> endobj Sometimes, because of the emergency nature of the initial presentation and the need to hastily win over clients, architects are often not opportune to quickly consult the QS before submitting their fee. /S /P endobj /TT2 356 0 R /Parent 4 0 R 196 0 obj 170 0 obj endobj /Lang (EN-GB) 3cxC/x #D!?diQR~bV5b/$fJtjJA >%1zUp+}d;! /Pg 19 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) 0000002018 00000 n >> /P 465 0 R /Type /Page endobj /S /P /P 10 0 R endobj /P 10 0 R Design consultation tailored to the needs of consultations, while a maximum of 3 X Design REVISION. 0000009232 00000 n >> /P 10 0 R endobj /Kids [19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R] /K 90 /S /P Before composing tender bids, the cost estimates. The substructure isnt treated as repetitive work but the superstructure is. %PDF-1.5 endobj /TT3 356 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /Contents 381 0 R /Pg 15 0 R >> /Parent 8 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /Pg 21 0 R /P 440 0 R << /Lang (EN-GB) 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R endobj /S /P >> endobj /K 75 /S /P /K 37 The total amount of cost overruns for any construction project can be fully determined once the project is completed. % << /S /P 89 0 obj /P 10 0 R /K 72 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /LBody /Pg 24 0 R 266 0 obj /K 63 272 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /P 456 0 R /K 26